Peter L. Strick Professor, Co-director (CNBC), Neurobiology, Psychiatry and the CNBC University of Pittsburgh Phone: (412) 383-9961 Fax: (412) 383-9061 Email: strickp@pitt.edu 4074 Biomedical Science Tower-3 3501 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15261

Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania Research Interests Dr. Strick's research focuses on three major issues: 1) The Control of Voluntary Movement by the Cerebral Cortex. In the past, the Primary Motor Cortex (M1) was viewed as the main cortical area that projects to the spinal cord and generates movement. Other brain regions were thought to influence motor output solely by gaining access to M1. Experiments in Dr. Strick's laboratory have led to major modifications in this view. His results show that the frontal lobe contains at least 6 'premotor' areas. Each of these premotor areas projects directly to M1 and to the spinal cord. In fact, some of the neurons in the premotor areas are like neurons in M1 in having direct connections with spinal motoneurons that control muscles. Thus, the premotor areas have direct access to the spinal cord mechanisms responsible for volitional movement. Dr. Strick's laboratory is presently using anatomical, physiological and functional imaging techniques to determine how each of the cortical motor areas differentially contributes to the generation and control of voluntary movement. His laboratory also is investigating the role of the premotor areas in the recovery of motor function that can occur following damage to M1 or its connections (as in spinal cord injury or strokes). Present evidence suggests that the premotor areas are important for the guidance of limb movements, the proper sequencing of motor tasks and the acquisition and retention of motor skills. Indeed, damage to the premotor areas in humans leads to a syndrome termed "apraxia" in which patients are unable to perform skilled motor tasks like dressing, shaving and using tools. 2) Functional Organization of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum. Part of the neural substrate for the central control of movement is formed by multiple 'loops' between the cerebral cortex and two subcortical centers, the basal ganglia and cerebellum. These circuits have long been regarded as contributing to the planning, initiation and regulation of limb movement. Recently, Dr. Strick's laboratory has provided evidence that basal ganglia and cerebellar outputs also are involved in a variety of non-motor functions. His results suggest that concepts about the function of these subcortical centers should be broadened to include their involvement in cognitive processes such as working memory, rule-based learning, switching attention, visual perception and the planning of future behavior. Furthermore, Dr. Strick's results support the growing evidence that dysfunction of the basal ganglia and/or cerebellum may be partly responsible for the symptoms of behavioral disorders such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and autism. 3) Unraveling the Circuitry of the Central Nervous System. One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that is the substrate for behavior. Dr. Strick's laboratory has developed a unique approach to this problem which employs transneuronal transport of neurotropic viruses. The viruses he uses are transported selectively between interconnected neurons. These novel tracers make it possible to define the elaborate matrix of interconnections which characterizes the central nervous system of primates. Furthermore, these studies provide novel important insights into the movement of viruses in the brain. Recent Publications Akkal D, Dum RP, Strick PL. Supplementary motor area and presupplementary motor area: targets of basal ganglia and cerebellar output. J Neurosci. 2007 Oct 3;27(40):10659 73. Matsuzaka Y, Picard N, Strick PL. Skill representation in the primary motor cortex after long term practice. J Neurophysiol. 2007 Feb;97(2):1819 32. Epub 2006 Dec 20. Yamamoto K, Hoffman DS, Strick PL. Rapid and long lasting plasticity of input output mapping. J Neurophysiol. 2006 Nov;96(5):2797 801. Epub 2006 Aug 23. Rathelot JA, Strick PL. Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 23;103(21):8257 62. Epub 2006 May 15. Hoshi E, Tremblay L, Feger J, Carras PL, Strick PL. The cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Nov;8(11):1491 3. Epub 2005 Oct 2. Kelly RM, Strick PL. Macro architecture of basal ganglia loops with the cerebral cortex: use of rabies virus to reveal multisynaptic circuits. Prog Brain Res. 2004;143:449 59. Review. Kelly RM, Strick PL. Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate. J Neurosci. 2003 Sep 10;23(23):8432 44. Picard N, Strick PL. Activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA) during performance of visually guided movements. Cereb Cortex. 2003 Sep;13(9):977 86. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia 'projections' to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. Cereb Cortex. 2002 Sep;12(9):926 35. Kakei S, Hoffman DS, Strick PL. Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2001 Oct;4(10):1020 5. Clower DM, West RA, Lynch JC, Strick PL. The inferior parietal lobule is the target of output from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. J Neurosci. 2001 Aug 15;21(16):6283 91. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. J Neurosci. 2001 Jan 15;21(2):700 12. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Mar;31(2 3):236 50. Kakei S, Hoffman DS, Strick PL. Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex. Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2136 9.