Cone selectivity derived from the responses of the retinal cone mosaic to natural scenes.

Thomas Wachtler, Eizaburo Doi, Te-Won Lee, & Terrence J. Sejnowski

Journal of Vision, accepted.

Abstract
To achieve color vision, the brain has to process signals of the cones in the retinal photoreceptor mosaic in a cone-type specific way. We investigated the possibility that cone-type specific wiring is an adaptation to the statistics of the cone signals. We analyzed estimates of cone responses to natural scenes and found that there is sufficient information in the higher-order statistics of L- and M-cone responses to distinguish between cones of different types, enabling unsupervised learning of cone-type specificity. This was not the case for a fourth cone type with spectral sensitivity between L and M cones, suggesting an explanation for the lack of strong tetrachromacy in heterozygous carriers of color deficiencies.


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